Friedrich Nietzsche（ISBN=9780521871174） 下载 pdf 百度网盘 epub 免费 2025 电子版 mobi 在线

　　In this beautifully written account, Julian Young provides the

most comprehensive biography available today of the life and

philosophy of the nineteenth-century German philosopher Friedrich

Nietzsche. Young deals with the many puzzles created by the

conjunction of Nietzsche's personal history and his work: why the

son of a Lutheran pastor developed into the self-styled

'Antichrist'; why this archetypical Prussian came to loath

Bismarck's Prussia; and why this enemy of feminism preferred the

company of feminist women. Setting Nietzsche's thought in the

context of his times - the rise of Prussian militarism,

anti-Semitism, Darwinian science, the 'Youth' and emancipationist

movements, as well as the 'death of God' - Young emphasises the

decisive influence of Plato and of Richard Wagner on Nietzsche's

attempted reform of Western culture.

· Only comprehensive account of both life and works. Written by

an author trained in both history and philosophy · Recognises and

explains, for the first time, the decisive and continuing influence

of Richard Wagner on Nietzsche's thought · Web based audio files of

Nietzsche's musical compositions provide a valuable insight into

Nietzsche's thinking

List of Illustrations x

Acknowledgments xiii

List of Abbreviations xv

Part One  Youth 

CHAPTER 1 Da Capo 3

R?cken 3

Naumburg 12

God 18

CHAPTER 2 Pforta 21

A Divided Heritage 22

The Curriculum 26

The Germania Society  27

Religious Doubt 28

Teenage Rebellion 29

New Friends 31

Leaving School 32

Literary Works 1858–1864 33

Religion 33

Music 37

Tragedy 40

Poetry 41

Morality and Politics 46

Homeland versus World Citizenship 49

Fate and Freedom 50

CHAPTER 3 Bonn 51

Free at Last 51

Beer-Drinking on the Rhine 53

The Cologne Brothel 55

David Strauss and the Critique of Christianity 56

Leaving Bonn 61

CHAPTER 4 Leipzig 63

Getting Settled 63

Happy Times 64

The Study of Classics 67

War and Politics 69

Military Service 72

Return to Leipzig: First Meeting with Wagner 74

‘Fairy-Tale-Like and Seven-League-Bootish’ 78

CHAPTER 5 Schopenhauer 81

The World as Will and Representation 81

Nietzsche's Conversion 86

The Impact of Kant and Lange 89

Criticising Schopenhauer 90

Reconstructing Schopenhauer 91

Part Two  The Reluctant Professor 

CHAPTER 6 Basel 99

Basel in 1870 99

University Life 101

Colleagues and Friends 103

Burckhardt 103

Overbeck 104

Isle of the Blessed 105

The End of an Idyll 110

CHAPTER 7 Richard Wagner and the Birth of The Birth of

Tragedy  112

The Wagnerian Worldview 113

The Artwork of the Future 118

The Impact of Schopenhauer 119

The Wisdom of Silenus 124

Homer's Art 126

Greek Tragedy 127

The Role of Myth 130

Solution to the Riddle of Wagner's Relation to the Greeks 131

Socrates and the Death of Tragedy 132

What Is Wrong with The Way We Are Now? 132

CHAPTER 8 War and Aftermath 135

The Franco-Prussian War 136

Nietzsche's War 137

The Aftermath 138

Violence 139

Prussia 141

On the Future of Our Educational Institutions 142

CHAPTER 9 Anal Philology 148

Rohde's ‘Higher Advertising’ 150

Wilamowitz's Counterblast 151

Alienation of Ritschl 152

Wagner's Intervention 153

Von Bülow and the ‘Manfred Meditation’ 154

Retreat to the Mountains 155

Anal-Compulsive Philology 156

Existential Philology 156

Relations with the Wagners 157

Five Prefaces to Five Unwritten Books 158

CHAPTER 10Untimely Meditations 163

Fun in Basel 163

Gloom in Bayreuth 166

First Untimely Meditation: David Strauss, the Confessor and the

Writer 168

Rest Cure in Flims 171

The Rosalie Nielsen Affair 172

Summons to the Germans 173

Second Untimely Meditation: The Uses and Disadvantages of History

for Life 175

Notes from the Underground 177

CHAPTER 11Aimez-vous Brahms? 182

Depression, Marriage, and Dropping Out 182

Wagner in the Balance 185

The Home Front, a New Publisher, Women 189

Bergün 191

Brahms Banned in Bayreuth 192

Third Untimely Meditation: Schopenhauer as Educator 195

Christmas at Home and the ‘Hymn to Friendship’ 200

CHAPTER 12Auf Wiedersehen Bayreuth 201

We Philologists 203

A Review, a Farewell to Romundt, a Birthday Greeting to Wagner, and

a Health Crisis 205

‘Cure’ in Steinabad 208

A New Apartment and New Friends: Paul Rée and Heinrich K?selitz

212

Veytaux, Geneva, and a Marriage Proposal 215

Wagner in Bayreuth 217

The First Bayreuth Festival 223

Return to Bayreuth and a Flirtation 226

CHAPTER 13Sorrento 229

Going South 230

Malwida von Meysenbug 230

The Villa Rubinacci 232

Rosenlaui: Nietzsche and Sherlock Holmes 235

Back in Basel 238

The Shocking Incident of the Friendly Doctor and the Doctoring

Friend 239

CHAPTER 14Human, All-Too-Human 241

The Turn to Positivism 242

The Free Spirit: Nietzsche and the Life-Reform Movement 244

The Monastery for Free Spirits 247

Human, All-Too-Human: The Attack on Metaphysics 249

Why Deconstruct Metaphysics? 255

Nietzsche's Higher Culture 260

The Theory of Cultural Evolution 261

Rational Living: Slavery, Punishment, Euthanasia, Eugenics,

Conservation 262

Religion and Art in a Higher Culture 263

Globalization 266

The Problem of Free Will 267

On Man's Need for Metaphysics 268

Part ThreeThe Nomad 

CHAPTER 15The Wanderer and His Shadow 273

Reception of Human, All-Too-Human 273

Assorted Opinions and Maxims 275

Leaving Basel 276

St. Moritz 277

Health and Epicurus 277

The Wanderer and His Shadow 281

Building Walden Two 285

Women 287

Is Nietzsche a Democrat? 288

Naumburg, Riva, Venice, Marienbad, Stresa 289

Genoa, Recoaro, and Sils Maria 293

CHAPTER 16Dawn 296

A Book for Slow Readers 296

Happiness 297

The Theoretical Framework 299

Critique of Christian Metaphysics 300

Critique of Christian Morality 301

The Counter-Ideal to Christianity 303

Self-Creation 304

The Paradox of Happiness 307

The Heroic-Idyllic 308

Benevolent Egoism 309

Concrete Advice 312

The Status of the Theoretical Framework 313

CHAPTER 17The Gay Science 316

First Summer in Sils Maria 316

Enter Eternal Return 318

Second Winter in Genoa 320

Carmen, St. Januarius, Rée, and Sarah Bernhardt  321

Messina 324

Idylls from Messina 325

The Gay Science 326

The Main Argument 326

Cultural Evolution 327

The Way We Are Now 329

Nietzsche's Future 330

Life as an Artwork 334

Reality, Truth, and Knowledge 337

CHAPTER 18The Salomé Affair 339

Lou Salomé 339

Nietzsche in Rome 340

The Mystery of Sacro Monte and the ‘Whip’ Photograph 342

Underhand Dealings 343

Nietzsche in Tautenburg 345

Elizabeth versus Lou 346

She Said She Said He Said 347

Lou in Tautenburg 349

To Pain 350

Family Rupture 352

The End of the Affair 353

Aftermath 353

CHAPTER 19Zarathustra 357

Retreat to Rapallo 357

Anti-anti-Semitism 358

Nietzsche as Wagner's ‘Heir’ 359

Second Summer in Sils Maria 360

Continuation of the Salomé Affair 361

The Shadow of Bernhard F?rster 363

First Winter in Nice 364

Two Disciples 365

A New Bible 366

Thus Spoke Zarathustra: The Prologue 367

Zarathustra Part I: The Speeches of Zarathustra 369

Zarathustra Part II 375

Zarathustra Part III 380

Zarathustra Part IV 383

The Ass Festival 384

CHAPTER 20Nietzsche's Circle of Women 387

Joseph Paneth 387

Resa von Schirnhofer 388

The ‘Other’ Nietzsche 389

Meta von Salis 390

Third Summer in Sils Maria 390

Helen Zimmern 391

Heinrich von Stein 392

Reconciliation with Elizabeth in Zurich 394

Helene Druskowicz 395

Second Winter in Nice 395

Fourth Summer in Sils Maria 396

Nietzsche and His Feminist Friends 398

The F?rsters 400

The ‘Schmeitzner Misère’ 401

Third Winter in Nice 402

Nietzsche's Cosmopolitanism 403

Publishing Beyond Good and Evil 404

‘Dynamite’, ‘Junker Philosophy’, ‘Pathological’ 405

CHAPTER 21Beyond Good and Evil 407

The Heart of Darkness 407

Theoretical Philosophy: The ‘Prejudices’ of Metaphysicians

411

The Metaphysics of Power 414

Epistemology 416

Cultural Criticism 417

How to Overcome Diseased Modernity: Philosophers of the Future

422

Nietzsche's ‘Republic’ 423

Hierarchy 424

The Slavery Issue 425

Women Again 427

Morality, Religion, and Art in the New World 429

CHAPTER 22Clearing the Decks 432

Fifth Summer in Sils Maria 432

Explosions Below 433

Hymn to Life 433

A Month in the Country 435

Fourth Winter in Nice 436

Preparations for Greatness 436

The Prefaces of 1886 437

The Gay Science, Book V: Being Scientific about Science 439

The Wanderer Speaks 443

Nietzsche's Undiscovered Land 444

Communal Health 445

Mental Health 446

‘A Lovely Thought: Via Sils to Greece!’ 448

CHAPTER 23The Genealogy of Morals 450

Parsifal, Dostoyevsky, and a ‘Well-Intentioned’ Earthquake 

450

Youths and Anti-Semites 452

Intermezzo 452

Depressed in Chur 453

Fifth Summer in Sils Maria 454

Fifth and Final Winter in Nice 457

Literary Projects 459

On the Genealogy of Morals 460

First Essay: ‘Good and Evil’, ‘Good and Bad’ 461

The First Essay's Contribution to a Vision of the Future 464

Second Essay: The Morality of Custom and the Sovereign Individual

465

Origins of the Bad Conscience 468

The Second Essay's Contribution to a Vision of the Future 470

Third Essay: What Do Ascetic Ideals Mean? 471

Wagner and the Ascetic Ideal 471

Sex and the Philosopher 472

Perspectivism and Objectivity 473

The Ascetic Ideal as Practised and Propagated by Priests 476

The Ascetic Ideal in Modernity 478

What Is Wrong with the Ascetic Ideal? 479

Science and the Ascetic Ideal 480

Masters of the Universe 482

The Question of Method 483

CHAPTER 241888 485

Winter in Nice 485

First Visit to Turin 486

Sic Incipit Gloria Mundi 487

Last Summer in Sils Maria 489

Visitors 490

Writings in Sils Maria: The Wagner Case  492

Décadence 493

The Story of The Ring  495

Writings in Sils Maria: Twilight of the Idols  497

What Is the Nature of Reality? 498

What Is Freedom? 499

What Is Happiness? 500

Why Is Willing the Eternal Return ‘Dionysian’? 501

How Can an ‘Immoralist’ Deal with Harmful Actions? 503

Isn't Selfishness Harmful? 505

What's Wrong with the Germans? 506

What Would You Like to See Replace Modern Culture? 508

What Is the Place of Art in Your New Society? 508

Last Stay in Turin 509

The Antichrist 509

Judaism and the Origin of Slave Morality 510

The Historical Jesus 511

Paul's Perversion 512

The Charges against Christianity 512

The Great Noon 514

Religion in Nietzsche's ‘Republic’ 517

Ecce Homo 518

How One Becomes What One Is 520

What Nietzsche Became 522

Deploying the Artillery 523

Nietzsche's Mental Condition 525

CHAPTER 25Catastrophe 528

Becoming God 528

The Horse Story 531

CHAPTER 26The Rise and Fall of The Will to Power  534

The Casaubon Impulse 536

The Explanation of All Events 537

Revaluation of All Values 539

History of a Failed Literary Project 540

Intellectual Cleanliness 542

The Cosmological Doctrine 543

The Biological Doctrine 545

The Psychological Doctrine 546

What Remains of the Will to Power? 547

The Problem of the ‘Healthy Monster’ 548

CHAPTER 27The End 550

In the Basel Clinic 550

In the Jena Asylum 551

In Naumburg 552

Becoming a Star 553

Elizabeth Cashes In 554

The Shrine in Weimar 556

Nietzsche's Death 558

CHAPTER 28Nietzsche's Madness 559

Chronology 563

Notes 569

Bibliography of Secondary Literature 633

Index

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书籍介绍

"Ranging across the events of Nietzsche's life, Julian Young combines biography with a detailed description of his philosophy. The book will delight the general reader who knows little about Nietzsche's ideas. The specialist will learn where Young stands in relation to the voluminous scholarship on Nietzsche."

- Christopher Cumo, Independent Scholar, Canadian Journal of History